Cystine

Cystine
An amino acid, one of the 20 amino acids which serve as the building blocks of protein. Cystine is not an essential amino acid, that is, it is not essential to the diet since the body can synthesize (make) it. Cystine is particularly notable because it is the least soluble of all of the naturally occurring amino acids and it precipitates out of solution in the genetic disease of amino acid transport called cystinuria. In cystinuria, there is excessive excretion in the urine of four amino acids — arginine, cystine, lysine, and ornithine — but it is cystine, being the least soluble, that precipitates out and forms stones and these stones cause the signs and symptoms of the disease. In 1810 Wollaston found a yellow bladder stone composed of an unusual substance which he named cystic oxide since it came from the bladder (Greek kystis = bladder). Analysis showed it to be an amino acid. Thus, the bladder gave its name not only to the amino acid cystine (and another amino acid called cysteine) but also to the disease cystinuria. Cystine is abbreviated Cys.
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3,3′-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic acid); the disulfide product of two cysteines in which two —SH groups become one —S—S— group; if two cysteinyl residues in polypeptide chains form a disulfide linkage, then the two polymers are cross-linked; sometimes occurs as a deposit in the urine, or forming a vesical calculus. Cf.:meso-c.. SYN: dicysteine.
- c. desulfhydrase SYN: cystathionine γ-lyase.
- half c. refers to one-half of a c. molecule or of a cystinyl residue in a protein or peptide.
- c. lyase SYN: cystathionine β-lyase.

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cys·tine 'sis-.tēn n an amino acid C6H12N2O4S2 that is a dimer of cysteine, is widespread in proteins (as keratins), and is a major metabolic sulfur source

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n.

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cys·tine (sisґtēn) (sisґtin) chemical name: 3,3′-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid). An amino acid produced by the digestion or acid hydrolysis of proteins. It is sometimes found in the urine and in the kidneys in the form of minute hexagonal crystals, frequently forming a cystine calculus in the bladder. Cystine is the chief sulfur-containing compound of the protein molecule and is readily reduced to two molecules of cysteine (hence, also called dicysteine).

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • cystine — [ sistin ] n. f. • 1834; du gr. kustis « vessie » ♦ Biochim. Forme oxydée de la cystéine faite de deux molécules de cet acide aminé, reliées par leurs atomes de soufre. ● cystine nom féminin Aminoacide soufré, constituant essentiel des protéines …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Cystine — Général No CAS …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Cystine — Cyst ine (s?s t?n; 104), n. [See {Cyst}.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline substance, {C3H7NSO2}, containing sulphur, occuring as a constituent of certain rare urinary calculi, and occasionally found as a sediment in urine. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cystine — cystine. См. цистин. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • cystine — [sis′tēn, sis′tin] n. [ CYST(O) + INE3: so named from having been found first in urinary calculi] a nonessential amino acid, C4H6 (NH2) 2S2 (COOH) 2: see AMINO ACID …   English World dictionary

  • Cystine — Not to be confused with cysteine. Cystine Identifiers CAS number …   Wikipedia

  • cystine — /sis teen, tin/, n. Biochem. a crystalline amino acid, C6H12O4N2S2, occurring in most proteins, esp. the keratins in hair, wool, and horn, and yielding cysteine on reduction. [1835 45; CYST + INE2; so called because found in the bladder] * * * ▪… …   Universalium

  • cystine — cistinas statusas T sritis chemija formulė [SCH₂CH(NH₂)COOH]₂ atitikmenys: angl. cystine rus. цистин ryšiai: sinonimas – 3,3ˊ ditio bis(2 aminopropano rūgštis) …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Cystine reductase — Identifiers EC number 1.8.1.6 CAS number 9029 18 9 …   Wikipedia

  • Cystine kidney stones — are due to cystinuria, an inherited (genetic) disorder of the transport of an amino acid (a building block of protein) called cystine that results in an excess of cystine in the urine (cystinuria) and the formation of cystine stones. Cystinuria… …   Medical dictionary

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