Fertilization

Fertilization
Fertilization is the process of combining the male gamete, or "sperm," with the female gamete, or "ovum." The product of this combination is a cell called a zygote.
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The process beginning with penetration of the secondary oocyte by the spermatozoon and completed by fusion of the male and female pronuclei.
- in vitro f. (IVF) a process whereby (usually multiple) ova are placed in a medium to which sperm are added for f., the zygote thus produced then being introduced into the uterus and allowed to develop to term.
- in vivo f. f. of a ripe egg within the distal fallopian tube of a fertile donor female (rather than in an artificial medium), for subsequent nonsurgical transfer to an infertile recipient.

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fer·til·iza·tion or Brit fer·til·isa·tion .fərt-əl-ə-'zā-shən n an act or process of making fertile: as
a) an act or process of fecundation, insemination, or impregnation
b) the process of union of two gametes whereby the somatic chromosome number is restored and the development of a new individual is initiated
fer·til·ize or Brit fer·til·ise 'fərt-əl-.īz vt, -ized or Brit -ised; -iz·ing or Brit -is·ing

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n.
the fusion of a spermatozoon and an ovum. Rapid changes in the membrane of the ovum prevent other spermatozoa from penetrating. Penetration stimulates the completion of meiosis and the formation of the second polar body. Once the male and female pronuclei have fused the zygote starts to divide by cleavage.

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fer·ti·li·za·tion (furґtĭ-lĭ-zaґshən) the act of rendering gametes fertile or capable of further development; it is a sequence of events that begins with contact between a spermatozoon and an oocyte, leading to their fusion, which stimulates the completion of oocyte maturation with release of the second polar body. Male and female pronuclei then form and merge; synapsis follows, which restores the diploid number of chromosomes and results in biparental inheritance and the determination of sex. The process of fertilization leads to the formation of a zygote and ends with the initiation of its cleavage. Called also fecundation and impregnation.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Fertilization — Fer ti*li*za tion, n. 1. The act or process of rendering fertile. [1913 Webster] 2. (Biol.) The act of fecundating or impregnating animal or vegetable germs; esp., the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, or an… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • fertilization — fertilization. См. сингамия. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • fertilization — 1857, noun of action from FERTILIZE (Cf. fertilize) …   Etymology dictionary

  • fertilization — (Amer.) fer·ti·li·za·tion || ‚fÉœrtlaɪ zeɪʃn /‚fɜːtɪl n. impregnation, insemination; act of enriching the soil by the addition of organic or chemical substances (also fertilisation) …   English contemporary dictionary

  • fertilization — fertilizational, adj. /ferr tl euh zay sheuhn/, n. 1. an act, process, or instance of fertilizing. 2. the state of being fertilized. 3. Biol. a. the union of male and female gametic nuclei. b. fecundation or impregnation of animals or plants. 4.… …   Universalium

  • fertilization — The union of two gametes from opposite sexes to form a zygote. Typically, each gamete contains a haploid set of chromosomes. Hence the zygotic nucleus contains a diploid set of chromosomes. Several categories can be distinguished: 1. Self… …   Glossary of Biotechnology

  • fertilization — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n. impregnation, procreation, pollination; enrichment. See production. II (Roget s IV) n. 1. [The enrichment of land] Syn. manuring, dressing, preparation, covering, liming, mulching, spreading,… …   English dictionary for students

  • fertilization — tręšimas statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Trąšų ir dirvožemį gerinančių medžiagų naudojimas. atitikmenys: angl. fertilization rus. внесение удобрений; удобрение …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • fertilization — tręšimas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Agrotechnikos priemonė, kuri padeda trąšomis didinti žemės ūkio augalų derlių, gerinti dirvožemio kokybę. atitikmenys: angl. fertilization; fertilizing vok. Düngung, f; Mästung, f rus …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • fertilization — apvaisinimas statusas T sritis augalininkystė apibrėžtis Dirbtinai sukeltas procesas, kurio metu susilieja lytinės ląstelės ir susidaro kokybiškai nauja ląstelė zigota, iš kurios rutuliuojasi naujas organizmas. atitikmenys: angl. fertilization… …   Žemės ūkio augalų selekcijos ir sėklininkystės terminų žodynas

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