analysis of variance

analysis of variance
analysis of variance n analysis of variation in an experimental outcome and esp. of a statistical variance in order to determine the contributions of given factors or variables to the variance

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(ANOVA) a statistical method for analyzing the effects of each of one or more categorical (nominal, ordinal, or dichotomous) independent variables on a continuous dependent variable as well as on each other, examining more than two groups simultaneously; if the null hypothesis that the variables' effects do not differ and all outcomes are drawn from the same population is true, then the means of all outcome groups approximate each other. To test the hypothesis, the variability between group means is compared to that within groups using the F-test; if their ratio approximates 1.0 then the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. When a single independent variable is tested the method is sometimes called one-way ANOVA; when multiple independent variables are tested, N-way ANOVA.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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