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Bacterium

Translation
Bacterium
A single-celled microorganism which can exist either as an independent (free-living) organism or as a parasite (dependent upon another organism for life). Examples include: {{}}Acidophilus, a normal inhabitant of yogurt, Chlamydia, which causes an infection very similar to gonorrhea, Clostridium welchii the most common cause of the dreaded gas gangrene, E. coli, the common peaceful citizen of our colon and, upon occasion, a dangerous agent of disease, and Streptococcus, the bacterium that causes the important infection of the throat strep throat. Bacterium is the singular and bacteria the plural — one bacterium, two bacteria. The term was devised in 1847 by the German botanist Ferdinand Cohn who based it on the Greek "bakterion," a small rod or staff.
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A bacterial generic name placed on the list of rejected names by the Judicial Commission and the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology of the International Association of Microbiological Societies. As a consequence, B. is no longer used in bacteriology. Identifiable organisms formerly placed in the genus B. have all been transferred to other genera. Specifically, B. anitratum is now known as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; B. coli is now called Escherichia coli. [Mod. L. fr. G. bakterion, dim. of baktron, a staff or club]

Medical dictionary. 2011.

  
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