ganglioside

ganglioside
A glycosphingolipid chemically similar to cerebrosides but containing one or more sialic (N-acetylneuraminic or N-glycolylneuraminic) acid residues; found principally in nerve tissue, spleen, and thymus; GM1 accumulates in generalized gangliosidosis; GM2 accumulates in Tay-Sachs disease. SYN: sialoglycosphingolipid.

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gan·gli·o·side 'gaŋ-glē-ə-.sīd n any of a group of glycolipids that are found esp. in the plasma membrane of cells of the gray matter and have sialic acid, hexoses, and hexosamines in the carbohydrate part and ceramide as the lipid

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n.
one of a group of glycolipid found in the brain, liver, spleen, and red blood cells (they are particularly abundant in nerve cell membranes). Gangliosides are chemically similar to cerebroside but contain additional carbohydrate groups.

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gan·glio·side (gangґgle-o-sīd″) any of a group of glycosphingolipids in which the polar head group on ceramide is a sialic acid–containing oligosaccharide linked via a glucose residue; they occur predominantly in tissues of the central nervous system. The most basic core structure is ceramide-glucose-galactose-N-acetylneuraminic acid.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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  • Ganglioside — is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. n acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA …   Wikipedia

  • ganglioside — [gɑ̃glijozid] n. m. ÉTYM. Mil. XXe; de ganglion, ose, et ide. ❖ ♦ Chim., biol. Ensemble des lipides renfermant du sucre (glycolipides), présents dans les ganglions du cerveau, et dont l accumulation dans les tissus de soutien de certains organes… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Ganglioside — Ganglioside,   Singular Gangliosid das, s, Biochemie: Gruppe der Glykolipide …   Universal-Lexikon

  • ganglioside — [gaŋ′glēə sīd΄] n. [ GANGLI(O) + OSE1 + IDE] any of a group of complex lipids found mainly on the membranes of nervous tissue and in the liver, spleen, and kidney …   English World dictionary

  • Ganglioside — Struktur des GM1 Gangliosids Ganglioside [1][2][3][4] …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ganglioside GM2 activator protein — is (GM2 AP) is a lipid transfer protein that stimulates the enzymatic processing of gangliosides, and also T cell activation through lipid presentation.This protein binds molecules of ganglioside GM2, extracts them from membranes, and presents… …   Wikipedia

  • Ganglioside galactosyltransferase — In enzymology, a ganglioside galactosyltransferase (EC number|2.4.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:UDP galactose + N acetyl D galactosaminyl (N acetylneuraminyl) D galactosyl 1,4 beta D glucosyl N acylsphingosine… …   Wikipedia

  • ganglioside GM1 — a ganglioside structurally similar to ganglioside GM2 but with an additional galactose residue linked to the N acetylgalactosamine residue of GM2; it accumulates abnormally in tissues in GM1 gangliosidoses …   Medical dictionary

  • ganglioside GM2 — a ganglioside containing an N acetylgalactosamine residue linked to the galactose of the core structure; it accumulates abnormally in tissues in GM2 gangliosidoses …   Medical dictionary

  • ganglioside — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary ganglion + 2 ose + ide Date: 1943 any of a group of glycolipids that yield a hexose sugar on hydrolysis and are found especially in the plasma membrane of cells of the gray matter …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • ganglioside — A glycosphingolipid that contains one or more residues of N acetyl or other neuraminic acid derivatives. Gangliosides are found in highest concentration in cells of the nervous system, where they can constitute as much as 5% of the lipid …   Dictionary of molecular biology

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