Hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free hemoglobin in the urine, an abnormal finding, that may make the urine look dark. Hemoglobin is the protein in the red blood cells which carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. The iron contained in hemoglobin gives red blood cells their characteristic color. Red blood cells are normally taken out of circulation after approximately 4 months; they are trapped and disassembled in the spleen, bone marrow, and liver. If, however, red cells hemolyze (break down) within the vascular system, the components are set free in the blood stream. Free hemoglobin is bound by haptoglobin (another protein) and reprocessed. But if the level of hemoglobin in the blood rises above the ability of haptoglobin to reclaim it, hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine — there is hemoglobinuria. Normally, there is no hemoglobin in the urine. Hemoglobinuria is a sign of a number of conditions including: {{}}acute nephritis (acute glomerulonephritis), burns, kidney cancer, malaria, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (dark urine in the morning that lightens up during the day), the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), pyelonephritis, sickle cell anemia (or any other type of hemolytic anemia), a transfusion reaction (due to an immune response against transfused red blood cells), thrombotic thrombocytic purpura (TTP), and tuberculosis of the urinary tract.
* * *
The presence of hemoglobin in the urine, including certain closely related pigments that are formed from slight alteration of the hemoglobin molecule; when present in sufficient quantities, they result in the urine being colored varying shades from light red-yellow to fairly dark red. [hemoglobin + G. ouron, urine]
- epidemic h. the presence of hemoglobin, or of pigments derived from it, in the urine of young infants, attended with cyanosis, jaundice, and other conditions; may be due to secondary methemoglobinemia; also called Winckel disease.
- intermittent h. recurrent episodic attacks of h. characteristic of paroxysmal nocturnal h. or paroxysmal cold h..
- malarial h. a condition, now uncommon, resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection (malignant tertian malaria with severe hemolysis); seen in whites after interrupted treatment. SYN: blackwater fever, hemoglobinuric fever, West African fever.
- march h. a form occurring after marathon races, protracted marching, or heavy physical exercise.
- paroxysmal cold h. a rare disorder in which acute severe hemolysis follows exposure to cold.
- paroxysmal nocturnal h. an infrequent disorder with insidious onset (usually in the third or fourth decade) and chronic course, characterized by episodes of hemolytic anemia, h. (chiefly at night), pallor, icterus or bronzing of the skin, a moderate degree of splenomegaly, and sometimes hepatomegaly; red blood cells are usually macrocytic and vary considerably in size, but there is no evidence of spherocytosis, erythrophagocytosis, or abnormal leukocytes. The disorder is a result of an abnormality of the red cell membrane which makes the red cell unusually sensitive to lysis by complement. SYN: Marchiafava-Micheli anemia, Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome.
- postparturient h. a sudden, severe hemolytic disease that appears sporadically in well-nourished dairy cows 2–4 weeks after calving, and usually occurs in stabled animals in the winter and early spring; the cause is not known, although the disease is often associated with hypophosphatemia. SYN: puerperal hemoglobinemia.
- toxic h. h. occurring after the ingestion of various poisons, in certain blood diseases, and in certain infections.

* * *

he·mo·glo·bin·uria or chiefly Brit hae·mo·glo·bin·uria .hē-mə-.glō-bə-'n(y)u̇r-ē-ə n the presence of free hemoglobin in the urine
he·mo·glo·bin·uric or chiefly Brit hae·mo·glo·bin·uric -'n(y)u̇(ə)r-ik adj

* * *

he·mo·glo·bin·uria (he″mo-glo″bĭ-nuґre-ə) the presence of free hemoglobin in the urine. hemoglobinuric adj

Medical dictionary. 2011.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • hemoglobinuria — f. fisiol. Trastorno agudo o crónico que se caracteriza por la presencia de hemoglobina en la orina. El paciente suele manifestar cefalea, dolor lumbar, abdominal y de extremidades inferiores, escalofríos, fiebre y malestar general. Una… …   Diccionario médico

  • hemoglobinúria — s. f. Urina vermelho escura, não acompanhada de glóbulos sanguíneos …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

  • hemoglobinuria — f. Med. Presencia de hemoglobina en la orina …   Diccionario de la lengua española

  • hemoglobinuria — [hē΄mōglō΄bi noor′ē ə, hē΄ō glō΄binyoor′ē ə] n. the presence in the urine of hemoglobin free from the red blood cells hemoglobinuric adj …   English World dictionary

  • Hemoglobinuria — Infobox Disease Name = PAGENAME Caption = Structure of hemoglobin DiseasesDB = 19635 ICD10 = ICD10|R|82|3|r|80 ICD9 = ICD9|283.2, ICD9|791.2 ICDO = OMIM = MedlinePlus = eMedicineSubj = eMedicineTopic = MeshID = D006456 In medicine, hemoglobinuria …   Wikipedia

  • hemoglobinuria — ► sustantivo femenino MEDICINA Presencia anormal de hemoglobina en la orina. * * * hemoglobinuria. f. Med. Presencia de hemoglobina en la orina. * * * ► femenino VETERINARIA Enfermedad del ganado caracterizada por la presencia de hemoglobina en… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Hemoglobinuria nocturna paroxística — Clasificación y recursos externos CIE 10 D59.5 CIE 9 283.2 OMIM …   Wikipedia Español

  • hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna — f. patol. Enfermedad poco frecuente que se caracteriza por una hemólisis intravascular adquirida y con frecuencia asociada a una hemoglobinuria intermitente de carácter nocturna. Se debe a un trastorno adquirido de la membrana de los eritrocitos… …   Diccionario médico

  • hemoglobinuria paroxística a frigore — f. patol. Hemoglobinuria que se produce en jóvenes, especialmente los afectados con sífilis secundaria o terciaria, que están expuestos al frío. La causa es el incremento en la sangre de hemolisinas (inmunoglobulinas IgG capaces de destruir los… …   Diccionario médico

  • hemoglobinuria nocturna — Véase hemoglobinuria. Diccionario Mosby Medicina, Enfermería y Ciencias de la Salud, Ediciones Hancourt, S.A. 1999 …   Diccionario médico

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”