Kidney stone

Kidney stone
1. A stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. The development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. The stones form in the urine collecting area (the pelvis) of the kidney and may range in size from tiny to staghorn stones the size of the renal pelvis itself. The cystine stones (below) compared in size to a quarter (a U.S. $0.25 coin) were obtained from the kidney of a young woman by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), a procedure for crushing and removing the dense stubborn stones characteristic of cystinuria. The pain with kidney stones is usually of sudden onset, very severe and colicky (intermittent), not improved by changes in position, radiating from the back, down the flank, and into the groin. Nausea and vomiting are common. Factors predisposing to kidney stones include recent reduction in fluid intake, increased exercise with dehydration, medications that cause hyperuricemia (high uric acid) and a history of gout. Treatment includes relief of pain, hydration and, if there is concurrent urinary infection, antibiotics. The majority of stones pass spontaneously within 48 hours. However, some stones may not. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the person, prior stone passage, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, and the size of the stone. A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. If a stone does not pass, certain procedures (usually by a urology specialist doctor) may be needed. The process of stone formation is called nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis. “Nephrolithiasis” is derived from the Greek nephros- (kidney) lithos (stone) = kidney stone “Urolithiasis” is from the French word “urine” which, in turn, stems from the Latin “urina” and the Greek “ouron” meaning urine = urine stone. The stones themselves are also called renal caluli. The word “calculus” (plural: calculi) 2. A stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones occur in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. The development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. The stones form in the urine collecting area (the pelvis) of the kidney and may range in size from tiny to staghorn stones the size of the renal pelvis itself. The cystine stones (below) compared in size to a quarter (a U.S. $0.25 coin) were obtained from the kidney of a young woman by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), a procedure for crushing and removing the dense stubborn stones characteristic of cystinuria. The pain with kidney stones is usually of sudden onset, very severe and colicky (intermittent), not improved by changes in position, radiating from the back, down the flank, and into the groin. Nausea and vomiting are common. Factors predisposing to kidney stones include recent reduction in fluid intake, increased exercise with dehydration, medications that cause hyperuricemia (high uric acid) and a history of gout. Treatment includes relief of pain, hydration and, if there is concurrent urinary infection, antibiotics. The majority of stones pass spontaneously within 48 hours. However, some stones may not. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the person, prior stone passage, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, and the size of the stone. A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. If a stone does not pass, certain procedures (usually by a urology specialist doctor) may be needed. The process of stone formation is called nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis. “Nephrolithiasis” is derived from the Greek nephros- (kidney) lithos (stone) = kidney stone “Urolithiasis” is from the French word “urine” which, in turn, stems from the Latin “urina” and the Greek “ouron” meaning urine = urine stone. The stones themselves are also called renal caluli. The word “calculus” (plural: calculi) is the Latin word for pebble.

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kidney stone n a calculus in the kidney called also renal calculus

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renal calculus.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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  • Kidney stone — Kidney Kid ney (k[i^]d n[y^]), n.; pl. {Kidneys} (k[i^]d n[i^]z). [OE. kidnei, kidnere, from Icel. koi[eth]r belly, womb (akin to Goth. gipus, AS. cwi[thorn] womb) + OE. nere kidney; akin to D. nier, G. niere, OHG. nioro, Icel. n[=y]ra, Dan. nyre …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • kidney stone — n. a hard mineral deposit sometimes formed in the kidney from phosphates, urates, etc.; renal calculus …   English World dictionary

  • kidney stone — ► NOUN ▪ a hard mass formed in the kidneys, typically consisting of insoluble calcium compounds …   English terms dictionary

  • Kidney stone — Classification and external resources …   Wikipedia

  • kidney stone — Renal calculus Renal calculus (Med.), an abnormal concretion formed in the excretory passages of the kidney, composed primarily of calcium oxalates and phosphates; also called {kidney stone}, {nephrolith}, and {nephritic calculus} (an obsolete… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Kidney stone formers — There are a number of documented cases of historical figures and distinguished members of society who were kidney stone formers. This condition is caused by nephrolithiasis, which are more commonly known as kidney stones, or urolithiasis, where… …   Wikipedia

  • kidney stone — Pathol. an abnormal stone, or concretion, composed primarily of oxalates and phosphates, found in the kidney. Also called renal calculus. [1970 75] * * * or renal calculus Mass of minerals and organic matter that may form in a kidney. Urine… …   Universalium

  • kidney stone — noun a calculus formed in the kidney • Syn: ↑urinary calculus, ↑nephrolith, ↑renal calculus • Hypernyms: ↑calculus, ↑concretion * * * noun, pl ⋯ stones [count] medical : a hard object like a small stone that sometimes forms in …   Useful english dictionary

  • kidney stone — kid′ney stone n. pat a stony mineral concretion formed abnormally in the kidney • Etymology: 1945–50 …   From formal English to slang

  • kidney stone — noun A calculus in the kidney; (older term) kidney gravel …   Wiktionary

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