tyrosine

tyrosine
2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)alanine; the l-isomer is an α-amino acid present in most proteins.
- t. aminotransferase an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-t. and α-ketoglutarate producing p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and l-glutamate; this enzyme catalyzes a step in l-phenylalanine and l-t. catabolism; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with tyrosinemia II. SYN: t. transaminase.
- t. iodinase a postulated enzyme in the thyroid catalyzing iodination of t., a reaction important in the eventual biosynthesis of thyroxine. SEE ALSO: peroxidases.
- t. kinase an enzyme that phosphorylates tyrosyl residues on certain proteins; many are products of viral oncogenes; a number of receptors ( e.g., receptors for epidermal growth factor, insulin, etc.) have this enzymatic activity; a misnomer, since the physiologic substrate is not t. but tyrosyl residues in a protein.
- t. phenol-lyase an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of l-t. to phenol, pyruvate, and NH3. SYN: β-tyrosinase.
- t. transaminase SYN: t. aminotransferase.

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ty·ro·sine 'tī-rə-.sēn n a phenolic amino acid C9H11NO3 that is a precursor of several important substances (as epinephrine and melanin) abbr. Tyr

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n.

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ty·ro·sine (Tyr) (Y) (tiґro-sēn) a nonessential amino acid, β-p-hydroxyphenylalanine, found in most proteins and synthesized metabolically from phenylalanine; it is a precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines, and melanin. See also table at amino acid. [USP] a preparation of tyrosine used as a dietary supplement.

Medical dictionary. 2011.

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  • Tyrosine — L ou S( ) tyrosine D ou R(+) tyrosine …   Wikipédia en Français

  • tyrosine — [ tirozin ] n. f. • 1855; de tyro et ine ♦ Biochim. Acide aminé essentiel très répandu dans la nature (graines de céréales, pommes de terre, fruits mûrs), jouant un rôle important grâce aux composés organiques qui en dérivent (mélanine,… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • tyrosine — tyrosine. См. тирозин. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • tyrosine — amino acid, 1857, coined 1846 by German chemist Baron von Justus Liebig (1802 1873), who had first obtained it a year before, from Gk. tyros cheese + chemical suffix INE (Cf. ine) (2). So called because it was easily obtained from old cheese …   Etymology dictionary

  • tyrosine — [tī′rō sēn΄, tir′ōsēn΄; tī′rōsin΄, tir′ōsin΄] [Gr tyros, cheese (see BUTTER) + INE3] n. a white, crystalline nonessential amino acid, C6H4OHCH2CH(NH2)COOH, formed by the decomposition of proteins, as in the putrefaction of cheese: see AMINO ACID …   English World dictionary

  • Tyrosine — NatOrganicBox name=( S ) 2 Amino 3 (4 hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid PubChem = 1153 CAS = 60 18 4 SMILES = N [C@@H] (Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(O)=O C=9 | H=11 | N=1 | O=3 mass=181.19 g/molTyrosine (abbreviated as Tyr or Y) [cite web | author=IUPAC IUBMB… …   Wikipedia

  • tyrosine — /tuy reuh seen , sin, tir euh /, n. Biochem. a crystalline amino acid, HOC6H4CH2CH(NH2)COOH, abundant in ripe cheese, that acts as a precursor of norepinephrine and dopamine. Abbr.: Tyr; Symbol: Y [1855 60; < Gk tyrós cheese + INE2] * * * One of… …   Universalium

  • tyrosine — Tyrosin Tyr o*sin, n. [Gr. ? cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance present in small amount in the pancreas and spleen, and formed in large quantity from the decomposition of proteid matter by various means, as by… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • tyrosine — tirozinas statusas T sritis chemija formulė HOC₆H₄CH₂CH(NH₂)COOH santrumpa( os) Tyr, Y atitikmenys: angl. tyrosine rus. тирозин ryšiai: sinonimas – 2 amino 3 (4 hidroksifenil)propano rūgštis …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Tyrosine hydroxylase — or tyrosine 3 monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). DOPA is a precursor for dopamine which in turn is a precursor for norepinephrine (noradrenaline)… …   Wikipedia

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