Syphilis
Translation- Syphilis
- A sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, a microscopic organism called a spirochete. This worm-like, spiral-shaped organism infects people by burrowing into the moist mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals. From there, the spirochete produces a non-painful ulcer known as a chancre. There are three stages of syphilis: {{}}The first (primary) stage: This involves the formation of the chancre. At this stage, syphilis is highly contagious. The primary stage can last one to five weeks. The disease can be transmitted from any contact with one of the ulcers, which are teeming with spirochetes. If the ulcer is outside of the vagina or on the scrotum, the use of condoms may not help in preventing transmission. Likewise, if the ulcer is in the mouth, merely kissing the infected individual can spread syphilis. Even without treatment, the early infection resolves on its own in most women. The second (secondary) stage: However, 25 percent of cases will proceed to the secondary stage of syphilis, which lasts four to six weeks. This phase can include hair loss; a sore throat; white patches in the nose, mouth, and vagina; fever; headaches; and a skin rash. There can be lesions on the genitals that look like genital warts, but are caused by spirochetes rather than the wart virus. These wart-like lesions, as well as the skin rash, are highly contagious. The rash can occur on the palms of the hands, and the infection can be transmitted by casual contact. The third (tertiary) stage: This final stage of the disease involves the brain and heart, and is usually no longer contagious. At this point, however, the infection can cause extensive damage to the internal organs and the brain, and can lead to death. Diagnosis is by blood test, either the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Treatment is with antibiotics. The name "syphilis" was coined by Hieronymus Fracastorius (Girolamo Fracastoro). Fracastorius was a true Renaissance man; he wrote on the temperature of wines, the rise of the Nile, poetry, the mind, and the soul; he was an astronomer, geographer, botanist, mathematician, philosopher and, last but not least in the present context, a physician. In 1530 he published the poem "Syphilis sive morbus gallicus" (Syphilis or the French Disease) in which the name of the disease first appeared. Perhaps more importantly, Fracastorius went on in 1546 to write "On Contagion" ("De contagione et contagiosis morbis et curatione"), the first known discussion of the phenomenon of contagious infection: a landmark in the history of infectious disease.
* * *An acute and chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and transmitted by direct contact, usually through sexual intercourse. After an incubation period of 12–30 days, the first symptom is a chancre, followed by slight fever and other constitutional symptoms (primary s.), followed by a skin eruption of various appearances with mucous patches and generalized lymphadenopathy (secondary s.), and subsequently by the formation of gummas, cellular infiltration, and functional abnormalities usually resulting from cardiovascular and central nervous system lesions (tertiary s.). SYN: lues venerea, malum venereum. [Mod. L. s. (syphilid-), (?) fr. a poem, S. sive Morbus Gallicus, by Fracastorius, Syphilus being a shepherd and principal character]- cardiovascular s. involvement of the cardiovascular system seen in late s., usually resulting in aortitis, aneurysm formation, and aortic valvular insufficiency.- congenital s. s. acquired by the fetus in utero, thus present at birth. SYN: hereditary s., s. hereditaria.- s. d'emblée s. occurring without an initial sore. [Fr. right away]- early s. primary, secondary, or early latent s., before any tertiary manifestations have appeared.- early latent s. infection with Treponema pallidum, the organism of s., after the primary and secondary phases have subsided, during the first year after infection, before any manifestations of tertiary s. have appeared.- endemic s. SYN: nonvenereal s..- s. hereditaria SYN: congenital s..- s. hereditaria tarda s., believed to be congenital, but not manifesting itself until several years after birth.- hereditary s. SYN: congenital s..- late s. involvement of the cardiovascular or central nervous system, or the development of a gumma in any organ, due to infection with Treponema pallidum; usually several years to 2–3 decades after the initial infection. SYN: tertiary s..- late benign s. late s., manifested by serologic evidence of infection, but without any clinical manifestations.- late latent s. usually infectious in pregnant women only, who may pass the infection on to the fetus.- latent s. infection with Treponema pallidum, after the manifestations of primary and secondary s. have subsided (or were never noticed), before any manifestations of tertiary s. have appeared.- meningovascular s. a rare manifestation of secondary or tertiary s. characterized by mild, nonsuppurative, chronic inflammation of the leptomeninges and an intracranial or spinal angiitis.- nonvenereal s. s. caused by organisms closely related to Treponema pallidum; spread by personal, but not necessarily venereal, contact; usually acquired in childhood, most common in areas of poverty and overcrowding; rare in the United States; includes yaws, pinta and bejel. SYN: endemic s..- quaternary s. SYN: parasyphilis.- secondary s. the second stage of s. See s..- tertiary s. SYN: late s..
Medical dictionary. 2011.
Look at other dictionaries:
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Syphilis — Classification et ressources externes Le tréponème pâle, agent de la syphilis CIM 10 … Wikipédia en Français
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syphilis — noun Etymology: New Latin, from Syphilus, hero of the poem Syphilis sive Morbus Gallicus (Syphilis or the French disease) (1530) by Girolamo Fracastoro died 1553 Italian poet and physician Date: 1718 a chronic contagious usually venereal and… … New Collegiate Dictionary
SYPHILIS — n. f. T. de Médecine Sorte de maladie vénérienne. Les symptômes de la syphilis. Syphilis héréditaire … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)
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